asmdiskheader徹底損壞恢復

來源：懂視網責編：小采時間：2020-11-09 13:09:29

asmdiskheader徹底損壞恢復

asmdiskheader徹底損壞恢復:在asm 磁盤組不能mount的情況下,如果是磁盤頭的少數部分損壞,或者是asm disk header存在,可以通過kfed修復,或者使用備份的磁盤頭信息去恢復從而實現磁盤組mount來恢復數據庫.如果沒有備份也無法修復可以嘗試使用amdu,dul來實現對不能mount的磁盤組

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導讀asmdiskheader徹底損壞恢復:在asm 磁盤組不能mount的情況下,如果是磁盤頭的少數部分損壞,或者是asm disk header存在,可以通過kfed修復,或者使用備份的磁盤頭信息去恢復從而實現磁盤組mount來恢復數據庫.如果沒有備份也無法修復可以嘗試使用amdu,dul來實現對不能mount的磁盤組

在asm 磁盤組不能mount的情況下,如果是磁盤頭的少數部分損壞,或者是asm disk header存在,可以通過kfed修復,或者使用備份的磁盤頭信息去恢復從而實現磁盤組mount來恢復數據庫.如果沒有備份也無法修復可以嘗試使用amdu,dul來實現對不能mount的磁盤組進行恢復.

在asm 磁盤組不能mount的情況下,如果是磁盤頭的少數部分損壞,或者是asm disk header存在,可以通過kfed修復,或者使用備份的磁盤頭信息去恢復從而實現磁盤組mount來恢復數據庫.如果沒有備份也無法修復可以嘗試使用amdu,dul來實現對不能mount的磁盤組進行恢復.在極端情況下(比如磁盤組完全丟失),amdu/dul都無論為力的情況下,可以考慮使用掃描磁盤找出來datafile 的方法求救數據的最后稻草.本實驗大概的模擬了asm disk 前10M完全損壞的情況下數據庫恢復
測試準備
創建新表空間，創建T_XIFENFEI測試表

SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile '+XIFENFEI' SIZE 50m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE T_XIFENFEI TABLESPACE XIFENFEI
 2 AS SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
Table created.
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_XIFENFEI;
 COUNT(*)
----------
 50031
SQL> select ts#,rfile#,bytes/1024/1024,blocks,name from v$datafile;
 TS# RFILE# BYTES/1024/1024 BLOCKS NAME
---------- ---------- --------------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
 0 1 480 61440 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/system.256.845260203
 1 2 25 3200 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/undotbs1.258.845260205
 2 3 250 32000 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/sysaux.257.845260203
 4 4 5 640 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/users.259.845260205
 6 5 50 6400 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/xifenfei.266.845262139
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,STATE,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,path from v$asm_disk;
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB NAME PATH
------------ ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------
 1 0 NORMAL 2048 0 XIFENFEI_0000 /dev/raw/raw1
 1 1 NORMAL 784 0 XIFENFEI_0001 /dev/raw/raw2
 1 2 NORMAL 7059 0 XIFENFEI_0002 /dev/raw/raw3
--關閉數據庫
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
--關閉ASM
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown

查看裸設備對應磁盤

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc
/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw3 /dev/sdd2

dd磁盤頭
dd asm disk 前面10M，徹底破壞asm disk

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.175424 seconds, 59.8 MB/s
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw2 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.11584 seconds, 90.5 MB/s
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw3 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.353435 seconds, 29.7 MB/s

kfed查看磁盤
確定所有asm disk header完全被破壞

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw2
kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw3
kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

amdu查看asm 磁盤

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ amdu -diskstring '/dev/raw/raw*'
amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17/
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ cd amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17
[oracle@xifenfei amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17]$ ls
report.txt
[oracle@xifenfei amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17]$ more report.txt 
-*-amdu-*-
…………
--------------------------------- Operations ---------------------------------
------------------------------- Disk Selection -------------------------------
 -diskstring '/dev/raw/raw*'
------------------------------ Reading Control -------------------------------
------------------------------- Output Control -------------------------------
********************************* DISCOVERY **********************************
----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0001 ------------------------------
 Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw1
 Unique Disk ID: 
 Disk Label: 
 Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
 Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **
----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0002 ------------------------------
 Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw2
 Unique Disk ID: 
 Disk Label: 
 Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
 Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **
----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0003 ------------------------------
 Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw3
 Unique Disk ID: 
 Disk Label: 
 Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
 Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **
******************************* END OF REPORT ********************************

通過這里證明，當asm disk header 損壞嚴重之時,amdu無法識別，更加無法恢復相關數據庫

dul查看完全損壞asm disk header
測試在asm disk header完全損壞情況下,dul是否還能夠實現asm磁盤組中抽取數據,同理amdu也無法正常工作.

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul
Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.28 - Internal Only - on Sat Apr 19 04:02:02 2014
with 64-bit io functions
Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw1
DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw2
DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw3

這里可以看出來,當asm disk header完全異常,dul也無法識別出來asm磁盤組(該情況下dul無法正常操作)

通過工具掃描磁盤抽取數據塊

CPFL> scan disk /dev/raw/raw1
Scanning disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:05:11
Completed disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:05:56
CPFL> scan disk /dev/raw/raw1
Scanning disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:05:56
Completed disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:06:15
CPFL> scan disk /dev/raw/raw1
Scanning disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:06:15
Completed disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:07:44
CPFL> list datafiles
 Tablespace: SYSTEM File: 1 Blocks: 61440 
 Tablespace: UNDOTBS1 File: 2 Blocks: 3200 
 Tablespace: SYSAUX File: 3 Blocks: 32000 
 Tablespace: USERS File: 4 Blocks: 640 
 Tablespace: XIFENFEI File: 5 Blocks: 6400 
CPFL> copy datafile 1 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/1.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:10:35
copy datafile 1 have blocks 61440
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:11:18
CPFL> copy datafile 2 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/2.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:11:52
copy datafile 2 have blocks 3200
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:11:54
CPFL> copy datafile 3 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/3.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:12:03
copy datafile 3 have blocks 32000
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:12:27
CPFL> copy datafile 4 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/4.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:13:07
copy datafile 4 have blocks 640
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:13:08
CPFL> copy datafile 5 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/5.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:13:18
copy datafile 5 have blocks 6400
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:13:19

查看使用工具抽取數據文件

[oracle@xifenfei datafile]$ ls -l
total 830320
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Apr 19 04:34 1.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 26222592 Apr 19 04:34 2.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Apr 19 04:34 3.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Apr 19 04:34 4.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Apr 19 04:34 5.dbf

dul驗證抽取文件

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul
Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.28 - Internal Only - on Sat Apr 19 06:56:09 2014
with 64-bit io functions
Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dul.log"
Found db_id = 181793355
Found db_name = ASM10G
DUL> show datafiles;
ts# rf# start blocks offs open err file name
 0 1 0 61440 0 1 0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/1.dbf
 1 2 0 3200 0 1 0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/2.dbf
 2 3 0 32000 0 1 0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/3.dbf
 4 4 0 640 0 1 0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/4.dbf
 6 5 0 6400 0 1 0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/5.dbf
DUL> bootstrap;
Probing file = 1, block = 377
. unloading table BOOTSTRAP$
DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow
 57 rows unloaded
DUL: Warning: Dictionary cache DC_BOOTSTRAP is empty
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded
Parsing Bootstrap$ contents
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 10
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1 block 25
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1 block 25
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1 block 89
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table OBJ$ 51171 rows unloaded
. unloading table TAB$ 1576 rows unloaded
. unloading table COL$ 55264 rows unloaded
. unloading table USER$ 59 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 59 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 51171 entries loaded and sorted 51171 entries
Reading TAB.dat 1576 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 55264 entries loaded and sorted 55264 entries
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 10
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1 block 25
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1 block 25
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1 block 89
 TABPART$: segobjno 266, file 1 block 2121
 INDPART$: segobjno 271, file 1 block 2161
 TABCOMPART$: segobjno 288, file 1 block 2297
 INDCOMPART$: segobjno 293, file 1 block 2345
 TABSUBPART$: segobjno 278, file 1 block 2217
 INDSUBPART$: segobjno 283, file 1 block 2257
 IND$: segobjno 2, tabno 3, file 1 block 25
 ICOL$: segobjno 2, tabno 4, file 1 block 25
 LOB$: segobjno 2, tabno 6, file 1 block 25
 COLTYPE$: segobjno 2, tabno 7, file 1 block 25
 TYPE$: segobjno 181, tabno 1, file 1 block 1297
 COLLECTION$: segobjno 181, tabno 2, file 1 block 1297
 ATTRIBUTE$: segobjno 181, tabno 3, file 1 block 1297
 LOBFRAG$: segobjno 299, file 1 block 2393
 LOBCOMPPART$: segobjno 302, file 1 block 2425
 UNDO$: segobjno 15, file 1 block 105
 TS$: segobjno 6, tabno 2, file 1 block 57
 PROPS$: segobjno 96, file 1 block 721
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table OBJ$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl"
 51171 rows unloaded
. unloading table TAB$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl"
 1576 rows unloaded
. unloading table COL$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl"
 55264 rows unloaded
. unloading table USER$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl"
 59 rows unloaded
. unloading table TABPART$ 72 rows unloaded
. unloading table INDPART$ 80 rows unloaded
. unloading table TABCOMPART$ 0 rows unloaded
. unloading table INDCOMPART$ 0 rows unloaded
. unloading table TABSUBPART$ 0 rows unloaded
. unloading table INDSUBPART$ 0 rows unloaded
. unloading table IND$ 2231 rows unloaded
. unloading table ICOL$ 3650 rows unloaded
. unloading table LOB$ 530 rows unloaded
. unloading table COLTYPE$ 1701 rows unloaded
. unloading table TYPE$ 1945 rows unloaded
. unloading table COLLECTION$ 555 rows unloaded
. unloading table ATTRIBUTE$ 7275 rows unloaded
. unloading table LOBFRAG$ 1 row unloaded
. unloading table LOBCOMPPART$ 0 rows unloaded
. unloading table UNDO$ 21 rows unloaded
. unloading table TS$ 7 rows unloaded
. unloading table PROPS$ 28 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 59 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 51171 entries loaded and sorted 51171 entries
Reading TAB.dat 1576 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 55264 entries loaded and sorted 55264 entries
Reading TABPART.dat 72 entries loaded and sorted 72 entries
Reading TABCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading TABSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading INDPART.dat 80 entries loaded and sorted 80 entries
Reading INDCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading INDSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading IND.dat 2231 entries loaded
Reading LOB.dat 530 entries loaded
Reading ICOL.dat 3650 entries loaded
Reading COLTYPE.dat 1701 entries loaded
Reading TYPE.dat 1945 entries loaded
Reading ATTRIBUTE.dat 7275 entries loaded
Reading COLLECTION.dat 555 entries loaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded
Reading LOBFRAG.dat 1 entries loaded and sorted 1 entries
Reading LOBCOMPPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading UNDO.dat 21 entries loaded
Reading TS.dat 7 entries loaded
Reading PROPS.dat 28 entries loaded
Database character set is ZHS16GBK
Database national character set is AL16UTF16
DUL> unload table sys.t_xifenfei;
. unloading table T_XIFENFEI 50031 rows unloaded

通過這里可以發現,我們創建測試數據為50031條,dul讀取抽取出來數據文件中對應表數據條數也為50031條;證明:在asm disk header完全損壞情況下,amdu,dul無法直接恢復asm里面數據庫，但是可以通過工具掃描數據文件，找出來磁盤中的datafile block實現完整恢復數據[只要你的asm中的數據沒有覆蓋,都可以通過該方法恢復]

如果你在使用這些思路進行恢復遇到突發情況不能自行解決,請聯系我們(ORACLE數據庫恢復技術支持),將為您提供專業數據庫技術支持：
Phone:13429648788 Q Q:107644445 E-Mail:dba@xifenfei.com

使用 dul 挖數據文件初試

dul 10支持oracle 11g r2

DUL10直接支持ORACLE 8.0

dul支持ORACLE 12C CDB數據庫恢復

dul恢復truncate表測試

dul處理分區表

使用asm disk header 自動備份信息恢復異常asm disk header

DUL挖ORACLE 8.0數據庫

原文地址：asm disk header 徹底損壞恢復, 感謝原作者分享。

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