去網(wǎng)站下載mysql的yum源，地址如下：
http://repo.mysql.com/
在linux上先查看系統(tǒng)的版本號，根據(jù)版本號對應(yīng)下載
more /etc/redhat-release

rpm -Uvhhttp://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm

yum -y upgrade mysql
mysql_upgrade

修改database,table,column字符集
# For each database:
ALTER DATABASE vipmonk CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# For each table:
ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# For each column:
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# (Don’t blindly copy-paste this! The exact statement depends on the column type, maximum length, and other properties. The above line is just an example for a `VARCHAR` column.)

修改my.ini(linux下為my.cnf)
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

重新啟動Mysql，檢查字符集：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character/_set/_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改所有表和字段的字符集
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...] 如：
ALTER TABLE logtest CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

//批量修改所有表和字段的字符集
SELECT
CONCAT('alter table ',table_name,' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;')
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA='database_name'

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