用這種方式來搭建 DG ，主庫(kù)的停機(jī)時(shí)間很少，只需要重啟一下，使參數(shù)生效。也可以用這種方法進(jìn)行 DB 遷移。 DG 搭建好，然后把備庫(kù)激活就可以了。這樣整個(gè)遷移中宕機(jī)時(shí)間也比較短。 Oracle 11g 的 pyhsical standby 支持 open read only 下的 apply 和 Real-

用這種方式來搭建DG ，主庫(kù)的停機(jī)時(shí)間很少，只需要重啟一下，使參數(shù)生效。也可以用這種方法進(jìn)行DB遷移。DG搭建好，然后把備庫(kù)激活就可以了。 這樣整個(gè)遷移中宕機(jī)時(shí)間也比較短。

Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支持open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。 因此就有了physical standby 穩(wěn)定和logical standby 的報(bào)表查詢功能。

Oracle： 11.2.0.1

OS： redhat 5.5

Primary IP: 192.168.2.42

DB_NAME=sanfu

Standby IP: 192.168.2.43

DB_NAME=sanfu

一. Primary 端操作：

1. 設(shè)置歸檔模式

這個(gè)生產(chǎn)庫(kù)都是這種模式。

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

2. Primary 設(shè)置force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOG

---------

YES

3. 配置Oracle Net

在Primary 庫(kù)和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。

注意：修改完后記得重啟listener。

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

)

-- 配置靜態(tài)注冊(cè)

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

sanfus =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

sanfup =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

4. 添加data guard 參數(shù)

創(chuàng)建pfile, 添加如下文件：

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_unique_name='sanfup'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=sanfup'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfus reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.fal_server='sanfus'

*.fal_client='sanfup'

注意：

在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest參數(shù)已經(jīng)被取消了。

Standby歸檔文件的存放位置按如下規(guī)則來進(jìn)行：

（1）當(dāng)LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n設(shè)置了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那么在不定義standby_archive_dest參數(shù)時(shí)，Oracle就會(huì)選擇LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n參數(shù)作為歸檔目標(biāo)。

（2）如果在第一步設(shè)置的同時(shí)，又獨(dú)立設(shè)置LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n參數(shù)為 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 屬性，那么當(dāng)compatible參數(shù)大于10.0的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)的選擇任意一個(gè)LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。

（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 沒有設(shè)置的話，默認(rèn)位置是：

$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.

不過valid_for參數(shù)的默認(rèn)值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 所以只要設(shè)置了本地的歸檔位置，遠(yuǎn)程的歸檔文件也會(huì)放到這個(gè)目錄下面。

5. 用新pfile重啟主庫(kù)

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

File created.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes

Fixed Size 1336960 bytes

Variable Size 310380928 bytes

Database Buffers 104857600 bytes

Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

二. Standby 端設(shè)置：

1. 創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave

--這里我們創(chuàng)建的目錄和Target 庫(kù)不同，我們?cè)趨?shù)文件里需要轉(zhuǎn)換一下。

2. 創(chuàng)建standby的口令文件

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle

3. 創(chuàng)建standby的初始化參數(shù)：

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*db_name=orcl

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'

*.db_unique_name='sanfus'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(standby_logfile, standby_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfup reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfup'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.fal_server='sanfup'

*.fal_client='sanfus'

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'

4. 用pfile 將standby 啟動(dòng)到nomount狀態(tài)：

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

5. 開始duplicate

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@sanfup auxiliary sys/oracle@sanfus

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 16:10:25 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format

'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' ;

--用duplicate 創(chuàng)建standby 時(shí)會(huì)復(fù)制口令文件

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';

restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl' from

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';

restore clone controlfile to '/u01

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